I know many explanations for why nudity is taboo in society. From the field of culturology, ethology, psychoanalysis, jurisprudence, pedagogy, medicine, sexology, religion. Please do not discuss them in this post.
But I cannot understand why nudity causes outrage and negative emotions in a SPECIFIC PERSON. Why does it PERSONALLY resent YOU?
Why are YOU making this choice? - By themselves, without the coercion of laws, cultural stereotypes, regulations, threatening moderators, censors or preachers?
And this is a fact: nudity outside the canon causes PERFECTION. As in a street crowd - "u, shameless!" - and in all kinds of media projects. I remember a long-standing talk show about nudism: there was a man on the stage who was a convinced nudist. So, he was not naked at all, but in shorts. Just like on a regular beach, at an athletic parade or ballet performance. However, the hall was still moaning in disgust, the cries of the aunts were heard:
- Get dressed! It's disgusting! How can you express yourself like this!
Today, this disgust is splashed out in all kinds of comments on photos or discussions on forums. If nudity is presented outside the canon, without the label "nude" or "porn", it per se causes anger and other negative emotions. Moreover, the very people who are sometimes not averse to gawking at "erotica" are angry.
The reason for this, for all my anthropological horizons, is not clear to me. Of course, I know that from childhood, shame reflexes are brought up in us: "where with a bare ass!" - "Oh, you are a bohemian team!" - "Well, get dressed quickly!" - "slap!" - "Citizens, stop the pervert!" - "Ooh, whore, now I'll scratch out my eyes!" But we have already grown up and become free people.
And do not say that someone is not outraged! Latent dissonance is experienced even by the most tolerant or cynical, even vulgar swearing people raise their eyebrows, and erotomaniacs snort in embarrassment, and only then begin to giggle happily.
Here's an example: some girls are standing without pants on the beach. In the middle of St. Petersburg, in front of the bulging eyes of a KAMAZ. Why is this composition annoying? “Under the cut, under the cut, remove it under the cut soon !!! And warn! I can't look at this! "
It even says "shock" at the bottom. This is "shock"! Why do you PERSONALLY think that this is a "shock"?
Here, they can probably say: they do not like too small tits, angular ilia and a shaved pubis. Why, in the presence of a swimsuit, is nobody worried about too thin shins, angular knees and shaved armpits? A wrinkled navel with a roll of felt? A gaping hole in your ear? Foul-smelling mouth? Reddened lip folds and pink gum mucosa?
Normal people don't care.
Someone is horrified by the thought that his child can be turned on at the sight of such a photo. But he can get excited at the sight of bodies in a bikini, and even in a dress, so what?
Someone burns with shame for these girls themselves: now their photos! in the Internet! But it was they who chose how to be photographed - not us purists. Being naked or even fully clothed can lead to shame on the Internet. So what? For example, there was such a flash mob "it is necessary to take revenge without panties." Now this shame has already been forgotten.
Opponents of nudism say that thick belly, breasts, butt, and even more so the genitals sag disgustingly. But what about a saggy hairy nose or a swollen waist sticking out of a dressed person's trousers? And the fat unshaven wing? Warts on the lip? They say that nudists have an ugly figure. Why doesn't anyone swear if the owners of the most vile figures walk around in nothing but swimming trunks? Why don't they hit them with handbags?
So, I understand group, archetypal motives, I don't understand personal ones.
UPD: The survey results are interesting. They are discussed here.
BARE STRINGS or PRESENTATION IS DIFFERENT
(Thematic cycle of poems)
1. BY PINK GLASS
With a naked soul
On pink glass
On the fragments of yesterday
Hope
I'm walking today
Chilled under the sun
In the many-sided theater
Ignorant.
From under the masks they look
Devouring mouth
And gape with arrogance
Shower.
Modern life -
Base passions:
Today happiness -
Pluck a fat jackpot.
With a naked soul
On pink glass
By fragments
The carelessness of days
I'm not walking without pain
Let it get wet from tears
I still believe
Into the soulfulness of people!
2. AUTUMN LILITH
In the foggy Wittgenstein park
So autumn intoxicates with passion:
Krasa is stronger than port,
Like primordial Lilith.
Even if she is older in spring,
But everything is more beautiful a hundred times.
And without golden leaves, fallen,
More eye-catching.
Graceful lines of bends -
Down with ingenue stereotypes!
There is NONE of the tree faces -
Intoxicating sensual nude!
... Akin to a second blitzkrieg,
Tongue to passionate fire!
3. MODEL
Dew - pearlescent ... Leaves - golden,
And sometimes, like butterflies, they circle in the air.
The beauty of exquisite everyday life is filled
All over indifference are amicably charming.
People admire the golden-haired maiden
And the glances of passers-by pour a special light ...
Autumn dressed up will soon become - Eve,
And November will paint a nude portrait with her.
Lush outfits, lost in the past
Pre-winter canvas will not find a place ...
Autumn will NUDE, but it didn't go at all,
And in delight the puddles will quiveringly freeze.
4. THE LOVE DROPPED WITH LOVE ...
Love fell as foliage - the soul is NAKED.
Memories are the wind - pain, hope is burnt.
We have different polarities like the wings of different birds.
Love met with parting ... Mist fell down on her face.
We scattered, in all directions, with fallen leaves.
And the gray-haired skies are already looking longingly.
But nothing can be changed, eyes rain heaven.
It is quite possible to stop loving ... But you cannot forget!
5. NUDE MUSIC
Autumn lingered with naked music
The sky is white and blue, with dark keys.
The face of the sun is under the hat, behind the veil of clouds.
A naked virgin, with a melodious voice,
Autumn played out, with notes of rain ...
How strange - like a frost of tears.
Waist - like a violin, the autumn maiden ...
Though musical, the tunes are sad.
Autumn waited with naked music.
6. AUTUMN HEAT BIRD SADNESS
Tearing the winds tail of the autumn Firebird,
Taking beauty to nowhere.
Eyelashes drooped in tear drops
The leaves in the puddles are solid mica.
The clouds are the discoloration of summer
Together with their clouds - a caravan ...
The coin of the sun has faded,
Weeds are bursting with damp coldness.
The whole torn tail of the Firebird,
Everywhere leaves, like feathers, fly.
Bare wings in vain flaps -
The days of autumn will ring soon.
7. SUMMER SHOWER - SEA HAPPINESS!
The sky has dissolved the braids -
Long streams of transparent silk.
Seduced with a gray look -
True, he knows a lot about passion.
It renews everything with coolness -
The air is virgin NAGUE ...
In the summer heat so seduces
Stream the unrestrained surf.
Summer rainbow "Hello!"
Heaven's tender kiss
Summer rain is a sea of \u200b\u200bhappiness
Seven-color diamond jets!
8. NIGHT OF NUDE DESIRES
So that you know my passion by touch.
And, come what may, and let them be expelled from paradise ...
The fire of love is the beginning of all beginnings.
After all, the flame of passion generates desires in us:
The desire to live, love and give life ...
And I will dance naked for you in the darkness,
In your arms to soar as a bird!
9. AUTUMN IN THE DANCE Cries quietly ...
Loose her braids in autumn
The wind flutters the silk of your hair.
More often frost, less often - dew,
The scent of late roses is sweeter.
HOLIDATE autumn shoulders,
All the trees in the neckline -
Soon the ball, farewell evening ...
The foliage is already waltzing.
Chrysanthemums, wondrous fur,
Color the autumn outfit.
The wind is not a hindrance to the ball -
Louder music a hundred times!
Loose her braids in autumn
A blazing fire.
More often frost, less often - dew,
The rain is cold silver.
Autumn cries quietly in a dance
The lips tremble in a whisper.
In the puddles, a sad look hides.
The birds circle pitifully.
Stretching out the sheet like a hand
Waving a sad "Goodbye" ...
Autumn, feeling parting,
Whispers: remember, remember ...
10. THE LAST HEAT
The sun rolls like a chiseled coin
Divides nature into "after" and "before".
Soon the birch will appear UNDRESSED,
Time will fill the nest with snow.
The sun rolls like a chiseled coin -
A series of days, like "tails" with "heads".
... Again the planet turned for the winter -
Burns the calendar with an indian number.
11. NUDE QUESTION ... to Sergey Yesenin
I just want to press it to the body
........................................... Naked breasts of birches ...
........................................... I just want to close my hands
........................................... Above the woody thighs of the willows ...
............................................ (From art-I " I'm on the first snow raving ... ")
Then suddenly birch breasts
Then suddenly the delights of the willow.
There is a loud cry in my soul
Feminine thoughts spills:
- What are you, dear Seryozha,
Like a tavern man
Left and right
Used to run in the wind ?!
Do not rot the trees in vain,
Do not use blue eyes,
Sweet heart
Ring your hands with captivity.
Choose, make up your mind
Who sprouted through the heart:
Either the willow hips,
Or birch breasts?
12. GRINOVSKAYA SPRING
Nature was mirrored by the flood -
And melt water is everywhere,
Winter now has neither snow nor ice ...
Lost the sunny reins:
Once again shone moment after moment shines brighter
And rushes at a gallop - not to stop.
The hour of spring ... It's time to crown!
And February is a long-forgotten elder.
Spring reigns supreme on the throne
The snow has long been incinerated by the sun.
March-rookery is inspired by the power:
Before him are snowdrops bowing!
In a gentle haze, velvet mist,
I hid the cherry garden NOW ...
Loneliness is unbearable in the spring ...
The heart is in the sky, in the blue Zurbagan!
Nature was mirrored by the flood ...
Yes, spring is generous with miracles:
Heaven is everywhere on earth
Passion sailboat reddens free!
13. AUTUMN AND DECEMBER
Willows in the rain, like maidens in the sea -
The beauty beckons the passionate NADY.
Torrential jets -
feelings in the open.
Autumn is bare ... It can be seen for a reason.
Know, she decided to conquer December;
Only he is soulless, freezes at once ...
Autumn in the paws of the beast
stupidly pleased
Ice frozen tears in the corners of his eyes.
14. IN KISEE SUNSET ...
To the work of my countryman,
a native of Tiraspol, M.F. Larionova
Body scarlet passion in muslin * sunset.
A juicy NIGHT evening seduces.
Looks like a mouth - mint is useless ...
The foam of the waves - veils, teases, runs away.
Evening is closer to night, waiting for the meeting with the moon.
The stars ripen with pomegranate seeds in the heart.
There is no urine to wait for the moon - you are teasing yourself ...
And in the rays of the sunset, feelings glow with passion!
___________________________________________________
* KISEYA ;, and ;, pl. no, well. [< тур. k;si раскроенная материя].
Sheer thin fabric.
15. WEDDING AUTUMN
The first snow fell like a gentle chrysanthemum,
White bride in the autumn of November,
The sky has dressed up ... Apparently, not in vain:
They give the bride to wife in December,
The air is spinning: "I love you!"
With white chrysanthemum autumn in her hair ...
December spun the maiden in his arms.
Autumn got married - snow from the shoulders of clothes ...
The autumn unmarried age is over.
16. ETERNAL LOVE
I dreamed about eternal love ...
Here I live in a dream, without waking up,
And blood flows sweetly through the veins -
Every day I fall in love with you again.
Every day, as if for the first time:
First glance, smile, NUDE -
Through the looking glass of the most passionate eyes
Passionate eyes that have known temptation.
We all dream of eternal love
Also, God forbid, do not wake up ...
17. AUTUMN CORROSION
And the red-haired autumn is an iron lady,
Each leaf is infected with corrosion ...
Gold sheets and copper leaves,
But the rust is all over ... The forest is almost NUDE.
Nature is cruel to autumn metals
Another chemistry here is the power of rust ...
The end of the falling leaves - and golden burning
Already a person does not admire to his heart's content.
18. WE ARE THE SUN!
You kiss sweetly ... Lips burn ...
And the current through the veins, to goose bumps.
The minutes are running sweetly
So that the firmament was painted in passion.
Dawn purple - me and you,
Love is the unquenchable light of the sun.
We are two bright stars in the night
In the morning they became one ...
We are the sun!
19. AUTUMN, VALAZHNOY GULENOY ...
Leaves kiss in flight
They burn with greedy passion.
The streets have become shameless
Parks is a shameless outfit.
Willows, naked beauty,
Hearts beckon with braids.
Autumn - imposing rippling,
The wind is the embrace of the male.
The sun is bashful behind the clouds
Hides his embarrassed look.
The winds of vices are quick,
Autumn has been reduced to winter hell!
The persecution of nudity and sexuality is unfolding not only in the field of art, but also in everyday life. In contrast to church rituals, where the form of clothing was prescribed categorically and unambiguously, the everyday behavior of people has always been diverse, and the normative prescriptions themselves varied depending on situations.
According to the available data, medieval Europeans slept either naked or in long shirts, sometimes without sleeves. It was not yet special "night clothes" and they resorted to it not so much out of modesty as for the sake of warmth .. There were no individual beds or bedrooms in the Middle Ages; not only the spouses, but also their numerous children and household members slept in the same common room, and often in the same bed. For example, in the room of King Mark from the epic "Tristan and Isolde", in addition to the king himself and his wife Isolde, his nephew Tristan, a servant and a page are also sleeping. In the peasant environment, such household overcrowding persisted until the 19th century.
The differentiation and privatization of living space is one aspect of the individualization process. In the field conditions in which men spent most of their lives, there was also no shyness.
The observance of bodily segregation was the main concern in the monasteries. Saint Benedict (6th century) established that monks should sleep in the common room (precaution against masturbation), but in no case in the same bed (precaution against sexual temptation). His younger contemporary, the Bishop of Braga, Saint Fructuos, even provided for the obligatory distance between the beds, "so that too close bodies of neighbors would not arouse carnal desire."
Nightwear regulations were at variance. Saint Benedict obliged his monks to sleep in shirts, but categorically forbade them to wear pants, except for those cases when they left the walls of the monastery. A thousand years later, Rabelais scoffed at this rule, saying that monks have a longer member than laity because it dangles freely between their legs, not constrained by underpants. On the contrary, Saint Fructuosus obliged the monks who served in front of the altar to put on underpants, as required by the Jewish Old Testament.
In the Abbey of Cluny in the XI century. monks were not supposed to see their own nakedness or the nakedness of a neighbor. Going to bed and getting up in the morning, it was necessary to change clothes so that "no one could see the slightest part of their nakedness." Monastic toilets were collective, but the monks had to send their natural needs with their heads covered with a hood
There were fewer regulations in the life of laypeople. Despite the calls of the clergy, poor people, in order not to spend money on expensive linen, if the climate allowed, slept naked in matrimonial beds.
There was even less privacy in boarding schools. In the Middle Ages, boys of all ages often slept not only in dorms, sometimes for 40-50 people, but also in the same bed with fellow practitioners. In the English aristocratic school of Harlow, boys slept in twos until 1805. Toilets and bathrooms were also shared, sometimes even without doors, so that the warden could see better.
In its fight against humanism, the Catholic Church is expanding the scope of normative prohibitions, extending them not only to adults but also to children. Abbot (later Cardinal) Giovanni Dominici in his treatise "Instructions in Family Matters" (1405) emphasized that a child "should sleep dressed in a long shirt up to mid-calf. It is unacceptable for a small child to see his father, mother or other people naked." In the XVI-XVII centuries. religious prescriptions in this regard, both among Catholics and Protestants, are becoming more and more strict, to the point that a child should sleep so that the one who comes to bed could not even see the shape of his body.
Bathing also becomes problematic.
In the famous Roman baths, men washed and steamed naked, but women were not allowed there and in general a strict decorum was observed. AT early middle ages the bath was considered a great pleasure. Some monasteries, on the initiative of St. Benedict (515) even built pools for believers. Washing in them was considered a means of spiritual and bodily cleansing. It was forbidden to repenting and fasting people, and some saints and monks, for example, the bishop of Liege Reginhard (11th century) deprived themselves of this pleasure for life, in recognition of their sinfulness.
Men and women, painfully shy of their nakedness, have existed at all times. Pope Pius V in 1572 chose a painful death from retention of urine to a humiliating procedure for pumping it out with a catheter. And the emperor Maximilian I (1493-1519), according to Montaigne, "hid from everyone in order to extract urine from himself, and, being as bashful as a virgin, did not open those parts to doctors or to anyone else. bodies, which are customary to cover, "and even" commanded very decisively in his will that he should be put on underpants after his death, "not forgetting to point out" that the one who does this with his corpse should be blindfolded. In increased genital modesty, not befitting a man of his position, Montaigne himself admitted. In the Middle Ages, this was treated with respect, explaining by increased religiosity, in fact, there were some personal psychosexual problems behind it.
People behaved differently in their own homes. According to ancient drawings, noble people usually took a bath with the help of servants of both sexes, but some remained in shirts. On a German miniature of the 14th century. Baron Jacob von Warthe is depicted taking a bath, surrounded by four servants or household members, including at least two women, but the baron himself is dressed in a long shirt. On a book miniature of the beginning of the fifteenth century. the maid washes the Czech king Wenceslas's head, but the king is in his underpants, and the maid is in a sarafan.
Since the XII century. public baths began to be built in European cities (in Germany, the first city bath appeared in Fulda). They were built, as a rule, in the center of the city, close to the church and were important places for public meetings. Swimming was allowed all week, except Sundays and Fridays. The most popular bath day was Saturday. A special tax was levied on the maintenance of the baths. A special profession of bath attendants also appeared. In the 14th century, along with monastic and municipal baths, special healing pools and bathing appeared (in German, almost any resort is called das Bad to this day, even if there is no healing water there and never was).
Initially, men and women bathed and bathed together, and the types of establishments ranged from modest family baths to brothels disguised as baths. Joint bathing of naked men and women caused harsh criticism from moralists, who suggested either prohibiting joint bathing of men and women, allocating separate places or days for them, or obliging them to bathe and wash dressed.
| Figure: 64 |
| Figure: 65 |
The implementation of these proposals depended on local conditions. In Switzerland, the requirement to separate male and women's days or to allocate separate places for bathing was put forward at the beginning of the fourteenth century, but in Lucerne it was implemented already in 1320, and in Basel, men and women bathed together until 1431.
Most of the drawings and engravings of the 15th-16th centuries that have come down to us, including the works of Dürer (Fig. 64), depict separate men's and women's baths. In one German engraving, a man even spies on women washing from above. In medieval paintings, naked bathers usually cover their genitals with a hand or washcloth. Later, something like swimming trunks or bathing pants appears. On the doors of a French church (circa 1130), Adam and Eve are depicted in modern-style swimming trunks. In German engravings of the 15th-16th centuries, bathing women are often depicted naked or with open breasts, and men are wearing exactly the same swimming trunks that we had before and after the war - narrow ones, with rag ties on the side (Fig. 65).
But one thing is a washing establishment, and another is swimming in natural reservoirs. Young men, not to mention boys, were not ashamed of each other and preferred to swim naked. In the XV - XVI centuries. a struggle begins with this too. In 1541, in Frankfurt, eight young men were sentenced to four weeks in prison on bread and water for swimming naked. In 1548, the city authorities ordered artisans not to allow apprentices to swim naked in Maine. In 1599, Pope Clement VIII, by a special decree, prohibited the Romans from swimming naked in the Tiber, stressing that the genitals must be completely closed. Nevertheless, naked bathing in the Tiber continued for the next three centuries, they were often depicted by artists of the 19th century. The situation was exactly the same in France. In 1688 in Liege, young people were officially forbidden to bathe horses naked (an eternal peasant practice!).
Although the practical effectiveness of such prohibitions was small, they gradually instilled in the minds of people an increased sense of genital modesty.
What are the reasons for these worldview shifts in relation to the body and nudity? There are different approaches to this issue, and all of them are associated with certain interpretations of the history of sexuality.
The traditional historical approach highlights social repression. The Renaissance art went further in its rehabilitation of the flesh than objective conditions allowed, and the Counter-Reformation responded with censorship repressions that affected not only art, but also everyday life. And once introduced prohibitions gradually become habitual and are perceived by the next generations as something self-evident.
In light of Elias's theory, the most important is the civilization process and the associated development of emotional self-control. Humanistic rehabilitation of the flesh meant accepting one's physicality. An individual who realizes himself as the owner of a unique unique body perceives it as something intimate, only his own, which should be closed from outsiders. The increase in the value of the individual body implies a stricter protection of it from other people's encroachments, as well as the complication of the experiences associated with it. The body becomes an object of pride (for a medieval person, admiring one's body is a sin), but at the same time, individual shyness increases (in feudal society, the feeling of shame was more of an estate), which did not allow itself to be displayed. This approach is closely related to the sociology of emotion.
Michel Foucault, in his History of Sexuality (1976), rejects the theory of "suppression" as being too global. "Discipline of the body" did not so much "abolish" what existed until the beginning of the seventeenth century. open, naive expression of bodily, especially sexual, experiences, how many gave rise to new, more complex and diverse forms of discourse, taking into account different social contexts and power relations.
However, these approaches are not so much mutually exclusive as complementary. Different reasons often lead to the same results, and empirical, eventful history is often more instructive than theoretical history.
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